Joints generally refer to an intentional or tolerance-related gap between components or materials. In concrete structures, joints are usually designed to prevent stress and subsequent cracks. A distinction is made between a variety of joint types. Since joints can significantly affect the function of the structure, they must be taken into account at the planning stage in accordance with the requirements of the project. The joint designer provides an overview of joint types, waterproofing and sealing options, applications and load transfer requirements.
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Joints can be formed by the construction process or the function within the structure. We distinguish five types of joints:
Joints can occur in different parts of the structure and have corresponding geometries:
The transmission of transverse or shear forces in joints takes place via different transmission methods. The decisive factor for the shear force transmission is the joint surface, geometry or bearing.
The joint design is a specific challenge, especially for waterproof structures (WU). Joints - in particular predetermined crack joints and expansion joints - are needed to control stresses within the concrete and to prevent cracking. On the other hand, joints increase the risk of water ingress - which can be minimised in the following ways: